Topic 08

Breast cysts

Breast cysts are sacs filled with fluid, and about half of all women have them at some point in life. They are especially common between the ages of 30 and 50.

Illustration of cysts among the milk ducts in a cross-section of the breast

A simple cyst or a complex one

This distinction matters a great deal, and it is made by breast ultrasound alone. Examination by hand cannot separate a simple cyst from a complex one.

Simple cyst

Filled entirely with fluid and thin-walled. Entirely benign: it does not turn into cancer and does not raise the risk of cancer. It usually needs no treatment; if it is very large and painful it can be drained with a syringe.

Complex cyst

A cyst containing a solid area or with a thickened wall. It calls for close follow-up and, in some cases, a biopsy.

What fibrocystic breast tissue is

If you have many cysts, this is called fibrocystic breast tissue. It is not a disease but the make-up of the breast, and it does not raise the risk of cancer.

It does, however, make examination and the reading of a mammogram harder, which is why regular ultrasound follow-up matters. We set the schedule together.

Appointment

A cyst, or something else?

This distinction is not made by hand but by ultrasound. A single scan usually closes the question entirely.